LPI Certification Programs

As you may be aware, the professional Linux certification path is comprehensive, providing cutting-edge knowledge of the Linux services and products at all career levels. In summary, the entire certification path comprises the following technical certificates like the LPIC-1, LPIC-2, LPIC-3 Enterprise Mixed Environments, LPIC-3 Enterprise Security, and LPIC-3 Enterprise Virtualization and High Availability. Besides, LPI also provides additional Open Technology certifications to evaluate candidates' real-world knowledge of open technology tools such as BSDand DevOps. All certifications in this path require students to pass one exam and there are no mandatory requirements for completing your training. The most popular options here include the DevOps Tools Engineer and BSD Specialist certifications.

LPI 102-500 Exam Syllabus Topics:

Topic	Details
Shells and Shell Scripting
Customize and use the shell environment	Weight: 4 Description: Candidates should be able to customize shell environments to meet users' needs. Candidates should be able to modify global and user profiles. Key Knowledge Areas: -Set environment variables (e.g. PATH) at login or when spawning a new shell. -Write Bash functions for frequently used sequences of commands. -Maintain skeleton directories for new user accounts. -Set command search path with the proper directory. The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities: -. -source -/etc/bash.bashrc -/etc/profile -env -export -set -unset -~/.bash_profile -~/.bash_login -~/.profile -~/.bashrc -~/.bash_logout -function -alias
Customize or write simple scripts	Weight: 4 Description: Candidates should be able to customize existing scripts, or write simple new Bash scripts. Key Knowledge Areas: -Use standard sh syntax (loops, tests). -Use command substitution. -Test return values for success or failure or other information provided by a command. -Execute chained commands. -Perform conditional mailing to the superuser. -Correctly select the script interpreter through the shebang (#!) line. -Manage the location, ownership, execution and suid-rights of scripts. The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities: -for -while -test -if -read -seq -exec -\|\| -&&
User Interfaces and Desktops
Install and configure X11	Weight: 2 Description: Candidates should be able to install and configure X11. Key Knowledge Areas: -Understanding of the X11 architecture. -Basic understanding and knowledge of the X Window configuration file. -Overwrite specific aspects of Xorg configuration, such as keyboard layout. -Understand the components of desktop environments, such as display managers and window managers. -Manage access to the X server and display applications on remote X servers. -Awareness of Wayland. The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities: -/etc/X11/xorg.conf -/etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/ -~/.xsession-errors -xhost -xauth -DISPLAY -X
Graphical Desktops	Weight: 1Description: Candidates should be aware of major Linux desktops. Furthermore, candidates should be aware of protocols used to access remote desktop sessions. Key Knowledge Areas: -Awareness of major desktop environments -Awareness of protocols to access remote desktop sessions The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities: -KDE -Gnome -Xfce -X11 -XDMCP -VNC -Spice -RDP
Accessibility	Weight: 1 Description: Demonstrate knowledge and awareness of accessibility technologies. Key Knowledge Areas: -Basic knowledge of visual settings and themes. -Basic knowledge of assistive technology. The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities: -High Contrast/Large Print Desktop Themes. -Screen Reader. -Braille Display. -Screen Magnifier. -On-Screen Keyboard. -Sticky/Repeat keys. -Slow/Bounce/Toggle keys. -Mouse keys. -Gestures. -Voice recognition.
Administrative Tasks
Manage user and group accounts and related system files	Weight: 5 Description: Candidates should be able to add, remove, suspend and change user accounts. Key Knowledge Areas: -Add, modify and remove users and groups. -Manage user/group info in password/group databases. -Create and manage special purpose and limited accounts. The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities: -/etc/passwd -/etc/shadow -/etc/group -/etc/skel/ -chage -getent -groupadd -groupdel -groupmod -passwd -useradd -userdel -usermod
Automate system administration tasks by scheduling jobs	Weight: 4 Description: Candidates should be able to use cron and systemd timers to run jobs at regular intervals and to use at to run jobs at a specific time. Key Knowledge Areas: -Manage cron and at jobs. -Configure user access to cron and at services. -Understand systemd timer units. The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities: -/etc/cron.{d,daily,hourly,monthly,weekly}/ -/etc/at.deny -/etc/at.allow -/etc/crontab -/etc/cron.allow -/etc/cron.deny -/var/spool/cron/ -crontab -at -atq -atrm -systemctl -systemd-run
Localisation and internationalisation	Weight: 3 Description: Candidates should be able to localize a system in a different language than English. As well, an understanding of why LANG=C is useful when scripting. Key Knowledge Areas: -Configure locale settings and environment variables. -Configure timezone settings and environment variables. The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities: -/etc/timezone -/etc/localtime -/usr/share/zoneinfo/ -LC_* -LC_ALL -LANG -TZ -/usr/bin/locale -tzselect -timedatectl -date -iconv -UTF-8 -ISO-8859 -ASCII -Unicode
Essential System Services
Maintain system time	Weight: 3 Description: Candidates should be able to properly maintain the system time and synchronize the clock via NTP. Key Knowledge Areas: -Set the system date and time. -Set the hardware clock to the correct time in UTC. -Configure the correct timezone. -Basic NTP configuration using ntpd and chrony. -Knowledge of using the pool.ntp.org service. -Awareness of the ntpq command. The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities: -/usr/share/zoneinfo/ -/etc/timezone -/etc/localtime -/etc/ntp.conf -/etc/chrony.conf -date -hwclock -timedatectl -ntpd -ntpdate -chronyc -pool.ntp.org
System logging	Weight: 4 Description: Candidates should be able to configure rsyslog. This objective also includes configuring the logging daemon to send log output to a central log server or accept log output as a central log server. Use of the systemd journal subsystem is covered. Also, awareness of syslog and syslog-ng as alternative logging systems is included. Key Knowledge Areas: -Basic configuration of rsyslog. -Understanding of standard facilities, priorities and actions. -Query the systemd journal. -Filter systemd journal data by criteria such as date, service or priority. -Configure persistent systemd journal storage and journal size. -Delete old systemd journal data. -Retrieve systemd journal data from a rescue system or file system copy. -Understand interaction of rsyslog with systemd-journald. -Configuration of logrotate. -Awareness of syslog and syslog-ng. Terms and Utilities: -/etc/rsyslog.conf -/var/log/ -logger -logrotate -/etc/logrotate.conf -/etc/logrotate.d/ -journalctl -systemd-cat -/etc/systemd/journald.conf -/var/log/journal/
Mail Transfer Agent (MTA) basics	Weight: 3 Description: Candidates should be aware of the commonly available MTA programs and be able to perform basic forward and alias configuration on a client host. Other configuration files are not covered. Key Knowledge Areas: -Create e-mail aliases. -Configure e-mail forwarding. -Knowledge of commonly available MTA programs (postfix, sendmail, exim) (no configuration). Terms and Utilities: -~/.forward -sendmail emulation layer commands -newaliases -mail -mailq -postfix -sendmail -exim
Manage printers and printing	Weight: 2 Description: Candidates should be able to manage print queues and user print jobs using CUPS and the LPD compatibility interface. Key Knowledge Areas: -Basic CUPS configuration (for local and remote printers). -Manage user print queues. -Troubleshoot general printing problems. -Add and remove jobs from configured printer queues. The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities: -CUPS configuration files, tools and utilities -/etc/cups/ -lpd legacy interface (lpr, lprm, lpq)
Networking Fundamentals
Fundamentals of internet protocols	Weight: 4 Description: Candidates should demonstrate a proper understanding of TCP/IP network fundamentals. Key Knowledge Areas: -Demonstrate an understanding of network masks and CIDR notation. -Knowledge of the differences between private and public "dotted quad" IP addresses. - Knowledge about common TCP and UDP ports and services (20, 21, 22, 23, 25, 53, 80, 110, 123, 139, 143, 161, 162, 389, 443, 465, 514, 636, 993, 995). - Knowledge about the differences and major features of UDP, TCP and ICMP. -Knowledge of the major differences between IPv4 and IPv6. -Knowledge of the basic features of IPv6. The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities: -/etc/services -IPv4, IPv6 -Subnetting -TCP, UDP, ICMP
Persistent network configuration	Weight: 4 Description: Candidates should be able to manage the persistent network configuration of a Linux host. Key Knowledge Areas: -Understand basic TCP/IP host configuration. -Configure ethernet and wi-fi network using NetworkManager. -Awareness of systemd-networkd. The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities: -/etc/hostname -/etc/hosts -/etc/nsswitch.conf -/etc/resolv.conf -nmcli -hostnamectl -ifup - ifdown
Basic network troubleshooting	Weight: 4 Description: Candidates should be able to troubleshoot networking issues on client hosts. Key Knowledge Areas: -Manually configure network interfaces, including viewing and changing the configuration of network interfaces using iproute2. -Manually configure routing, including viewing and changing routing tables and setting the default route using iproute2. -Debug problems associated with the network configuration. The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities: -ip -hostname -ss -ping -ping6 -traceroute -traceroute6 -tracepath -tracepath6 -netcat -ifconfig -netstat -route
Configure client side DNS	Weight: 2 Description: Candidates should be able to configure DNS on a client host. Key Knowledge Areas: -Query remote DNS servers. -Configure local name resolution and use remote DNS servers. -Modify the order in which name resolution is done. -Debug errors related to name resolution. -Awareness of systemd-resolved. The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities: -/etc/hosts -/etc/resolv.conf -/etc/nsswitch.conf -host -dig -getent
Security
Perform security administration tasks	Weight: 3 Description: Candidates should know how to review system configuration to ensure host security in accordance with local security policies. Key Knowledge Areas: -Audit a system to find files with the suid/sgid bit set. -Set or change user passwords and password aging information. -Being able to use nmap and netstat to discover open ports on a system. -Set up limits on user logins, processes and memory usage. -Determine which users have logged in to the system or are currently logged in. -Basic sudo configuration and usage. The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities: -find -passwd -fuser -lsof -nmap -chage -netstat -sudo -/etc/sudoers -su -usermod -ulimit -who, w, last
Setup host security	Weight: 3 Description: Candidates should know how to set up a basic level of host security. Key Knowledge Areas: -Awareness of shadow passwords and how they work. -Turn off network services not in use. -Understand the role of TCP wrappers. The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities: -/etc/nologin -/etc/passwd -/etc/shadow -/etc/xinetd.d/ -/etc/xinetd.conf -systemd.socket -/etc/inittab -/etc/init.d/ -/etc/hosts.allow - /etc/hosts.deny
Securing data with encryption	Weight: 4 Description: The candidate should be able to use public key techniques to secure data and communication. Key Knowledge Areas: -Perform basic OpenSSH 2 client configuration and usage. -Understand the role of OpenSSH 2 server host keys. -Perform basic GnuPG configuration, usage and revocation. -Use GPG to encrypt, decrypt, sign and verify files. -Understand SSH port tunnels (including X11 tunnels). The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities: -ssh -ssh-keygen -ssh-agent -ssh-add -~/.ssh/id_rsa and id_rsa.pub -~/.ssh/id_dsa and id_dsa.pub -~/.ssh/id_ecdsa and id_ecdsa.pub -~/.ssh/id_ed25519 and id_ed25519.pub -/etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key and ssh_host_rsa_key.pub -/etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key and ssh_host_dsa_key.pub -/etc/ssh/ssh_host_ecdsa_key and ssh_host_ecdsa_key.pub -/etc/ssh/ssh_host_ed25519_key and ssh_host_ed25519_key.pub -~/.ssh/authorized_keys -ssh_known_hosts -gpg -gpg-agent -~/.gnupg/

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How to Prepare For LPIC-1 Linux Administrator, 102-500 exam

Preparation Guide for LPIC-1 Linux Administrator, 102-500 exam

Introduction

LPIC-1 is the first certification in LPI's multi-level Linux professional certification program. The LPIC-1 will validate the candidate's ability to perform maintenance tasks on the command line, install and configure a computer running Linux, and configure basic networking.

The LPIC-1 is designed to reflect current research and validate a candidate's proficiency in real-world system administration. The objectives are tied to real-world job skills, which we determine through job task analysis surveying during exam development.

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Aspirants find themselves more competitive in the job market.
The LPIC-1 102-500 certification worth a serious look as “Linux is back on top as the most in-demand open source skill category, making it required knowledge for most entry-level open source careers,” stated the 2018 Open Source Jobs Report from Dice and the Linux Foundation.
As per ‘The Foote Partners report IT Skills and Certification Index, there is usually a 20% increase in bonus pay is observed for LPIC 1 certified Linux administrators.
LPIC-1 102-500 certified candidates will be confident and stand different from others as their skills are more trained than non-certified professionals.
102-500 exam aspirants find an edge over other counterparts while appearing for an interview.
102-500 is globally recognized hence post achieving accreditation aspirants are more confident with network design knowledge.

Reference: https://www.lpi.org/our-certifications/lpic-1-overview

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