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Cisco 100-160 Exam Syllabus Topics:
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NEW QUESTION # 115
Which threat intelligence technique involves utilizing known patterns or characteristics of threats to identify and block them?
- A. Reputation-based Detection
- B. Signature-based Detection
- C. Anomaly-based Detection
- D. Indicators of Compromise (IoCs)
Answer: B
Explanation:
Signature-based detection relies on identifying known patterns, signatures, or characteristics of threats.
It uses these signatures to detect and block potential threats in network traffic.
NEW QUESTION # 116
Which technology is commonly used to monitor network data and identify security incidents?
- A. IDS (Intrusion Detection System)
- B. SOAR (Security Orchestration, Automation, and Response)
- C. SIEM (Security Information and Event Management)
- D. Firewall
Answer: C
Explanation:
SIEM is a technology that focuses on monitoring network data to identify security incidents. It collects and analyzes security event logs from various sources, such as firewalls, intrusion detection systems (IDS), and antivirus software, to identify abnormal behavior or potential security incidents. SIEM solutions provide real-time monitoring, correlation, and alerting capabilities, enabling organizations to effectively detect and respond to security threats.
NEW QUESTION # 117
What is the primary purpose of running a vulnerability scan on your network?
- A. To automatically prioritize security weaknesses for immediate remediation
- B. To correlate event logs on multiple servers in order to generate intrusion alerts
- C. To identify and document the locations of customer and financial databases
- D. To determine whether systems are subject to CVEs that could be exploited by adversaries
Answer: D
Explanation:
The CCST Cybersecurity Study Guide states that vulnerability scanning is an automated process used to identify known security weaknesses in systems, software, and network devices. These scans compare system configurations and software versions against databases of known vulnerabilities, such as the Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE) list.
"A vulnerability scan is an automated test that checks systems and networks for known weaknesses by matching them against a database of vulnerabilities such as CVEs. This allows administrators to identify exploitable conditions before they are leveraged by attackers." (CCST Cybersecurity, Vulnerability Assessment and Risk Management, Vulnerability Scanning section, Cisco Networking Academy) A is asset discovery, not vulnerability scanning.
B may be part of remediation planning but is not the primary purpose.
C is correct: Scans detect if systems have vulnerabilities associated with CVEs.
D describes SIEM (Security Information and Event Management) log correlation, not vulnerability scanning.
NEW QUESTION # 118
Which of the following describes the purpose of a VPN (Virtual Private Network)?
- A. To segment a network into multiple smaller networks
- B. To provide secure remote access to a private network over the internet
- C. To control and filter network traffic based on predefined policies
- D. To improve network performance and reduce latency
Answer: B
Explanation:
A VPN (Virtual Private Network) is a technology that enables secure and encrypted communication over a public network, such as the internet. It allows users to establish a secure connection to a private network from remote locations. By encrypting the communication, a VPN ensures confidentiality and integrity of the data transmitted between the remote user and the private network, making it a suitable solution for secure remote access.
NEW QUESTION # 119
Which of the following is an important aspect of ensuring that endpoint systems meet security policies and standards?
- A. Enforcing strong password policies
- B. Conducting periodic software audits
- C. Regularly updating firmware
- D. Implementing software firewalls
Answer: A
Explanation:
Enforcing strong password policies is an important aspect of ensuring that endpoint systems meet security policies and standards. Strong passwords help prevent unauthorized access to the system and protect sensitive information. While firmware updates, software firewalls, and software audits are also important for overall cybersecurity, enforcing strong password policies directly relates to the security of endpoints and their compliance with policies and standards.
NEW QUESTION # 120
Which of the following access control methods is the most secure?
- A. Single-factor authentication
- B. Password-based authentication
- C. Biometric authentication
- D. Multi-factor authentication
Answer: C
Explanation:
Biometric authentication is considered the most secure access control method because it relies on unique physical or behavioral characteristics of an individual, such as fingerprints, iris scans, or voice recognition. These characteristics are difficult to replicate or forge, making it more difficult for unauthorized individuals to gain access.
NEW QUESTION # 121
A client cannot connect to the corporate web server. You discover a large number of half-open TCP connections to the server.
What should you do?
- A. Flush the DNS cache information.
- B. Ignore the half-open connections because this is a normal part of the TCP three-way handshake.
- C. Take action to stop the TCP SYN flood attack.
- D. Change the connection protocol from HTTP to HTTPS.
Answer: C
Explanation:
The CCST Cybersecurity Study Guide identifies SYN flood attacks as a type of Denial of Service (DoS) attack that exploits the TCP three-way handshake. Attackers send many SYN requests without completing the handshake, leaving the server with numerous half-open connections and exhausting resources.
"A TCP SYN flood attack overwhelms a target server by initiating a high volume of TCP connections but never completing the handshake, resulting in numerous half-open connections that consume system resources and can render the service unavailable." (CCST Cybersecurity, Incident Handling, Denial-of-Service Attacks section, Cisco Networking Academy) A is correct: The proper action is to stop the SYN flood, often using firewalls, intrusion prevention systems, or SYN cookies.
B (switching to HTTPS) does not address the flooding issue.
C is incorrect because the excessive number of half-open connections indicates an attack, not normal operation.
D (flushing DNS cache) is unrelated to this type of attack.
NEW QUESTION # 122
Which of the following is an example of a detective control in information assurance?
- A. Encryption of sensitive data
- B. Intrusion Prevention System (IPS)
- C. Security awareness training
- D. Security Information and Event Management (SIEM) system
Answer: D
Explanation:
A Security Information and Event Management (SIEM) system is a detective control in information assurance. It collects, correlates, and analyzes security event data from various sources within an organization's network to identify potential security incidents or breaches. It provides real-time monitoring and analysis to detect and respond to security events.
NEW QUESTION # 123
Which feature allows endpoints to communicate directly with each other, bypassing the network?
- A. VPN
- B. Firewall
- C. IPS
- D. Peer-to-Peer
Answer: D
Explanation:
Option 1: Incorrect. A firewall is a network security device that monitors and filters incoming and outgoing network traffic based on predetermined security rules.
Option 2: Incorrect. An IPS (Intrusion Prevention System) is a network security device that monitors network traffic for malicious activity and takes immediate action to prevent attacks.
Option 3: Incorrect. A VPN (Virtual Private Network) is a secure connection between two or more endpoints over a public network, providing encryption and privacy for data communication.
Option 4: Correct. Peer-to-peer (P2P) is a decentralized communication model where endpoints can directly communicate with each other without the need for a central server or network infrastructure.
NEW QUESTION # 124
Which network security technology passively monitors network traffic and compares the captured packet stream with known malicious signatures?
- A. Proxy Server
- B. IDS
- C. Honeypot
- D. IPS
Answer: B
Explanation:
The CCST Cybersecurity course states that an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) passively monitors network or system traffic and analyzes it against a database of known threat signatures or behavioral patterns.
"IDS devices inspect network traffic, compare it to known malicious signatures or anomalies, and generate alerts for suspicious activity without actively blocking traffic." (CCST Cybersecurity, Basic Network Security Concepts, IDS and IPS section, Cisco Networking Academy) A is correct: IDS is passive and signature-based.
B (IPS) is active and can block traffic.
C (Proxy Server) handles requests between clients and servers.
D (Honeypot) is a decoy system to attract attackers.
NEW QUESTION # 125
Your supervisor tells you that you will participate in a CVSS assessment.
What will you be doing?
- A. Evaluating end system security and scoring software vulnerabilities
- B. Performing penetration tests on internal network devices and end systems
- C. Analyzing host logs to identify abnormal activities
- D. Interviewing users to determine their level of cybersecurity awareness
Answer: A
Explanation:
The CCST Cybersecurity Study Guide explains that CVSS (Common Vulnerability Scoring System) is a standardized method for rating the severity of software vulnerabilities. It considers exploitability, impact, and environmental factors.
"The Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS) provides a numerical score that reflects the severity of a vulnerability, enabling prioritization of remediation efforts." (CCST Cybersecurity, Vulnerability Assessment and Risk Management, Vulnerability Scoring section, Cisco Networking Academy)
NEW QUESTION # 126
Which of the following control types is focused on identifying vulnerabilities and weaknesses in systems and addressing them?
- A. Preventive controls
- B. Compensating controls
- C. Detective controls
- D. Corrective controls
Answer: D
Explanation:
Corrective controls are designed to identify and rectify vulnerabilities and weaknesses in systems. They aim to correct issues identified through assessments, audits, or incident response, and ensure that the necessary steps are taken to minimize the associated risks. Examples of corrective controls include patch management, vulnerability scanning, and system hardening procedures.
NEW QUESTION # 127
What is the purpose of Security Information and Event Management (SIEM) systems?
- A. To encrypt sensitive data to protect it from unauthorized access.
- B. To analyze network traffic and detect potential security threats.
- C. To centrally collect, store, and analyze logs from various systems to detect and respond to security incidents.
- D. To authenticate and authorize users to access network resources.
Answer: C
Explanation:
Option 1: This option is incorrect. While SIEM systems may perform analysis of network traffic, their primary purpose is not network traffic analysis, but rather log collection and analysis for security incident detection and response.
Option 2: This option is correct. SIEM systems are designed to centrally collect, store, and analyze logs from various systems to detect and respond to security incidents. They provide real-time monitoring, correlation, and analysis of security events, allowing organizations to identify potential threats and take appropriate actions.
Option 3: This option is incorrect. Encryption of sensitive data is not the purpose of SIEM systems. While encryption is an important security measure, SIEM systems focus on log management and analysis rather than encryption.
Option 4: This option is incorrect. User authentication and authorization are not within the scope of SIEM systems. SIEM systems focus on log collection and analysis for security incident detection and response, rather than user access control.
NEW QUESTION # 128
Which of the following tools is primarily used for analyzing network packets?
- A. Wireshark
- B. Oracle Database
- C. Norton Antivirus
- D. Cisco AnyConnect
Answer: A
Explanation:
Wireshark is a popular open-source tool used for network packet analysis and protocol troubleshooting. It allows users to capture, examine, and analyze network packets in real-time. Wireshark provides detailed information about the different protocols, traffic patterns, and network anomalies, assisting cybersecurity professionals in diagnosing network issues, identifying security vulnerabilities, and detecting potential attacks.
NEW QUESTION # 129
What is the purpose of a firewall in endpoint security?
- A. Protect the endpoint from malware
- B. Encrypt the data transmitted between the endpoint and the network
- C. Monitor and detect suspicious activities on the endpoint
- D. Prevent unauthorized access to the endpoint
Answer: D
Explanation:
Firewalls are a key component of endpoint security as they help prevent unauthorized access to the endpoint. Firewalls work by examining incoming and outgoing network traffic and applying a set of rules to allow or block specific connections. By filtering and monitoring network traffic, firewalls act as a barrier between the endpoint and potential threats, such as hackers or unauthorized users, ensuring only authorized and secure connections are established.
NEW QUESTION # 130
Which of the following is a key feature of a disaster recovery plan?
- A. Offsite backups
- B. Data encryption
- C. Employee training
- D. Regular software updates
Answer: A
Explanation:
Offsite backups are an essential feature of a disaster recovery plan. They involve storing copies of data in a separate physical location away from the primary site. In the event of a disaster, these backups ensure that data can be restored and accessed even if the primary site is no longer functional.
NEW QUESTION # 131
Which compliance framework is specifically related to protecting the personal data and privacy of European Union (EU) citizens?
- A. GDPR
- B. PCI-DSS
- C. FERPA
- D. HIPAA
Answer: A
Explanation:
The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) is a compliance framework implemented by the European Union to protect the personal data and privacy of EU citizens. It focuses on the collection, processing, and storage of personal data, and it applies to any organization that handles EU citizens' data, regardless of its location.
NEW QUESTION # 132
Which of the following is a characteristic of a denial-of-service (DoS) attack?
- A. An attacker intercepts and modifies network traffic.
- B. An attacker floods a system with excessive requests, rendering it unable to function properly.
- C. An attacker attempts to gain unauthorized access to a system.
- D. An attacker steals or alters sensitive data.
Answer: B
Explanation:
A denial-of-service (DoS) attack is a type of cyber attack where an attacker floods a system with an excessive amount of requests, overwhelming its resources and causing it to crash or become unresponsive.
NEW QUESTION # 133
What is the purpose of a VPN?
- A. To encrypt network traffic
- B. To authenticate users
- C. To detect network vulnerabilities
- D. To block unauthorized access
Answer: A
Explanation:
A VPN (Virtual Private Network) is used to create a secure connection between a user's device and a private network, such as a corporate network or the internet. It encrypts the data that is transmitted between the user and the network, ensuring that even if intercepted, the data is unreadable by unauthorized individuals.
NEW QUESTION # 134
Why is it important to stay current with automated threat intelligence technologies?
- A. All of the above
- B. To enhance the effectiveness of security measures
- C. To adapt to evolving cybersecurity threats
- D. To leverage the latest advancements in machine learning and AI
Answer: A
Explanation:
Staying current with automated threat intelligence technologies is vital in the field of cybersecurity. Firstly, as cyber threats continuously evolve, staying up to date allows organizations to adapt their defenses and countermeasures accordingly. Secondly, leveraging the latest advancements in machine learning and artificial intelligence helps improve the accuracy and efficiency of threat detection and response. Lastly, by staying current, organizations can enhance the overall effectiveness of their security measures and stay ahead of potential threats.
NEW QUESTION # 135
What logging mechanism is commonly used to track and record security-related events and activities in an organization?
- A. Event Viewer
- B. Syslog
- C. System and application logs
- D. Audit logs
Answer: D
Explanation:
Audit logs are specifically designed to track and record security-related events and activities in an organization. They capture information about user actions, system changes, and resource access attempts, providing a detailed record for forensic analysis, compliance auditing, and security investigation purposes.
NEW QUESTION # 136
How do Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVEs) benefit cybersecurity professionals?
- A. They ensure compliance with cybersecurity regulations.
- B. They directly prevent cyberattacks.
- C. They identify all possible vulnerabilities in an IT infrastructure.
- D. They provide a standardized approach for vulnerability management.
Answer: D
Explanation:
Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVEs) provide a standardized approach for vulnerability management across different software systems, hardware devices, or networks. Security professionals can use CVEs to track and manage vulnerabilities more effectively, making it easier to identify and prioritize patching needs. CVEs help in maintaining a consistent and systematic process for addressing vulnerabilities across the organization.
NEW QUESTION # 137
What is the primary goal of vulnerability management?
- A. Preventing all cyber attacks
- B. Eliminating all vulnerabilities in a system
- C. Minimizing the impact of potential vulnerabilities
- D. Increasing network throughput
Answer: C
Explanation:
The primary goal of vulnerability management is to identify and prioritize vulnerabilities in a system or network and take appropriate measures to minimize their impact. It involves implementing patch management, deploying security controls, and establishing incident response procedures.
NEW QUESTION # 138
Which compliance framework is primarily concerned with securing payment card data and ensuring it is protected against unauthorized access?
- A. PCI-DSS
- B. FERPA
- C. GDPR
- D. HIPAA
Answer: A
Explanation:
The Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard (PCI-DSS) is a compliance framework developed by the major credit card companies to safeguard payment card data and prevent fraud. It provides guidelines, requirements, and best practices for organizations that handle cardholder information, ensuring that it is stored, processed, and transmitted securely.
NEW QUESTION # 139
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