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NEW QUESTION # 94
Which of the following should be done FIRST to address privacy risk when migrating customer relationship management (CRM) data to a new system?
- A. Conduct a legitimate interest analysis (LIA).
- B. Perform a privacy impact assessment (PIA).
- C. Develop a data migration plan.
- D. Obtain consent from data subjects.
Answer: B
Explanation:
Explanation
A privacy impact assessment (PIA) is a systematic process to identify and evaluate the potential privacy impacts of a system, project, program or initiative that involves the collection, use, disclosure or retention of personal data. A PIA should be done first to address privacy risk when migrating customer relationship management (CRM) data to a new system, as it would help to ensure that privacy risks are identified and mitigated before the migration is executed. A PIA would also help to ensure compliance with privacy principles, laws and regulations, and alignment with customer expectations and preferences. The other options are not as important as performing a PIA when addressing privacy risk when migrating CRM data to a new system. Developing a data migration plan is a process of defining and documenting the objectives, scope, approach, methods and steps for transferring data from one system to another, but it does not necessarily address privacy risk or impact. Conducting a legitimate interest analysis (LIA) is a process of assessing whether there is a legitimate interest for processing personal data that outweighs the rights and interests of the data subjects, but it is only applicable in certain jurisdictions and situations where legitimate interest is a valid legal basis for processing. Obtaining consent from data subjects is a process of obtaining their permission or agreement before collecting, using, disclosing or transferring their personal data for specific purposes, but it may not be required or sufficient for migrating CRM data to a new system, depending on the context and nature of the migration and the applicable laws and regulations1, p. 67 References: 1: CDPSE Review Manual (Digital Version)
NEW QUESTION # 95
Which of the following should be done FIRST when a data collection process is deemed to be a high-level risk?
- A. Implement remediation actions to mitigate privacy risk.
- B. Conduct a privacy Impact assessment (PIA).
- C. Perform a business impact analysis (BIA).
- D. Create a system of records notice (SORN).
Answer: B
Explanation:
Explanation
The first thing to do when a data collection process is deemed to be a high-level risk is to conduct a privacy impact assessment (PIA). A PIA is a systematic process that identifies and evaluates the potential effects of personal data processing operations on the privacy of individuals and the organization. A PIA helps to identify privacy risks and mitigation strategies at an early stage of the data collection process and ensures compliance with legal and regulatory requirements. A PIA also helps to demonstrate accountability and transparency to stakeholders and data subjects regarding how their personal data are collected, used, shared, stored, or deleted.
Performing a business impact analysis (BIA), implementing remediation actions to mitigate privacy risk, or creating a system of records notice (SORN) are also important steps for managing privacy risk, but they are not the first thing to do. Performing a BIA is a process of analyzing the potential impacts of disruptive events on the organization's critical functions, processes, resources, or objectives. A BIA helps to determine the recovery priorities, strategies, and objectives for the organization in case of a disaster or crisis. Implementing remediation actions is a process of applying corrective or preventive measures to reduce or eliminate the privacy risks identified by the PIA or other methods. Remediation actions may include technical, organizational, or legal solutions, such as encryption, access control, consent management, or contractual clauses. Creating a SORN is a process of publishing a public notice that describes the existence and purpose of a system of records that contains personal data under the control of a federal agency. A SORN helps to inform the public about how their personal data are collected and maintained by the agency and what rights they have regarding their data.
References: Privacy Impact Assessment (PIA) - European Commission, Privacy Impact Assessment (PIA) | ICO, Privacy Impact Assessments | HHS.gov
NEW QUESTION # 96
An organization is developing a wellness smartwatch application and is considering what information should be collected from the application users. Which of the following is the MOST legitimate information to collect for business reasons in this situation?
- A. Sleep schedule and calorie intake
- B. Race, age, and gender
- C. Height, weight, and activities
- D. Education and profession
Answer: C
Explanation:
Explanation
Height, weight, and activities are the most legitimate information to collect for business reasons in this situation, as they are directly related to the purpose and functionality of a wellness smartwatch application that aims to monitor and improve the health and fitness of its users. Collecting height, weight, and activities would also comply with the data minimization principle that requires limiting the collection, storage and processing of personal data to what is necessary and relevant for the intended purposes. The other options are not legitimate information to collect for business reasons in this situation, as they are not related to the purpose and functionality of a wellness smartwatch application and may violate the privacy rights and preferences of its users. Collecting sleep schedule and calorie intake may be useful for some users who want to track their sleep quality and nutrition intake, but they are not essential for a wellness smartwatch application and may require additional consent or justification from the users. Collecting education and profession may be irrelevant for a wellness smartwatch application and may be used for other purposes, such as marketing or profiling, without the consent or knowledge of the users. Collecting race, age, and gender may be sensitive for some users who do not want to disclose their personal characteristics or identity, and may require additional safeguards or measures to protect their privacy1, p. 75-76 References: 1: CDPSE Review Manual (Digital Version)
NEW QUESTION # 97
Which of the following is a foundational goal of data privacy laws?
- A. Privacy laws are designed to protect companies' collection of personal data
- B. Privacy laws are designed to provide transparency for the collection of personal data
- C. Privacy laws are designed to give people rights over the collection of personal data
- D. Privacy laws are designed to prevent the collection of personal data
Answer: C
Explanation:
Explanation
One of the foundational goals of data privacy laws is to give people rights over the collection of personal data, such as the right to access, correct, delete, or object to the processing of their data. Privacy laws also aim to protect people's dignity, autonomy, and self-determination in relation to their personal data. The other options are not accurate or complete descriptions of the purpose of data privacy laws.
References:
* CDPSE Review Manual, Chapter 1 - Privacy Governance, Section 1.1 - Privacy Principles1.
* CDPSE Certified Data Privacy Solutions Engineer All-in-One Exam Guide, Chapter 1 - Privacy Governance, Section 1.2 - Data Privacy Laws and Regulations2.
NEW QUESTION # 98
An organization uses analytics derived from archived transaction data to create individual customer profiles for customizing product and service offerings. Which of the following is the IT privacy practitioner's BEST recommendation?
- A. Implement strong access controls.
- B. Anonymize personal data.
- C. Encrypt data at rest.
- D. Discontinue the creation of profiles.
Answer: B
Explanation:
Explanation
Anonymization is a technique that removes or modifies all identifiers in a data set to prevent or limit the identification of the data subjects. Anonymization is the IT privacy practitioner's best recommendation for an organization that uses analytics derived from archived transaction data to create individual customer profiles for customizing product and service offerings, as it would protect the privacy of the customers by reducing the linkability of the data set with their original identity, and also comply with the data minimization principle that requires limiting the collection, storage and processing of personal data to what is necessary and relevant for the intended purposes. Anonymization would also preserve some characteristics or patterns of the original data that can be used for analysis or customization purposes, without compromising the accuracy or quality of the results. The other options are not as effective as anonymization in this situation. Discontinuing the creation of profiles is not a feasible or desirable option, as it would prevent the organization from achieving its business objectives and providing value to its customers. Implementing strong access controls is a security measure that restricts who can access, view or modify the data, but it does not address the issue of collecting or retaining more personal data than necessary or relevant. Encrypting data at rest is a security measure that transforms plain text data into cipher text using an algorithm and a key, making it unreadable by unauthorized parties, but it does not address the issue of collecting or retaining more personal data than necessary or relevant, and may require additional security measures to protect the encryption keys or certificates1, p. 75-76 References: 1:
CDPSE Review Manual (Digital Version)
NEW QUESTION # 99
Which of the following would MOST effectively reduce the impact of a successful breach through a remote access solution?
- A. Regular testing of system backups
- B. Monitoring and reviewing remote access logs
- C. Regular physical and remote testing of the incident response plan
- D. Compartmentalizing resource access
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION # 100
Which of the following should an IT privacy practitioner review FIRST to understand where personal data is coming from and how it is used within the organization?
- A. Data classification
- B. Data inventory
- C. Data collection standards
- D. Data process flow diagrams
Answer: B
Explanation:
Explanation
A data inventory is a comprehensive list of the data that an organization collects, processes, stores, transfers, and disposes of. It includes information such as the type, source, location, owner, purpose, and retention period of the data. A data inventory is essential for understanding where personal data is coming from and how it is used within the organization, as well as for complying with data privacy laws and regulations. A data inventory also helps to identify and mitigate data privacy risks and gaps.
References:
* ISACA, CDPSE Review Manual 2021, Chapter 2: Privacy Governance, Section 2.2: Data Inventory and Data Mapping, p. 40-41.
* ISACA, Data Privacy Audit/Assurance Program, Control Objective 3: Data Inventory and Classification, p. 7-81
NEW QUESTION # 101
Which of the following should an IT privacy practitioner do FIRST before an organization migrates personal data from an on-premise solution to a cloud-hosted solution?
- A. Ensure strong encryption is used.
- B. Conduct a security risk assessment.
- C. Perform a privacy impact assessment (PIA).
- D. Develop and communicate a data security plan.
Answer: B
NEW QUESTION # 102
Within a business continuity plan (BCP), which of the following is the MOST important consideration to ensure the ability to restore availability and access to personal data in the event of a data privacy incident?
- A. Recovery point objective (RPO)
- B. Online backup frequency
- C. Offline backup availability
- D. Recovery time objective (RTO)
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 103
When evaluating cloud-based services for backup, which of the following is MOST important to consider from a privacy regulation standpoint?
- A. Data classification labeling
- B. Privacy training for backup users
- C. Volume of data stored
- D. Data residing in another country
Answer: D
NEW QUESTION # 104
Which of the following should be established FIRST before authorizing remote access to a data store containing personal data?
- A. Multi-factor authentication
- B. Network security standard
- C. Virtual private network (VPN)
- D. Privacy policy
Answer: D
NEW QUESTION # 105
Which of the following BEST supports an organization's efforts to create and maintain desired privacy protection practices among employees?
- A. Code of conduct principles
- B. Performance evaluations
- C. Awareness campaigns
- D. Skills training programs
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION # 106
Which of the following system architectures BEST supports anonymity for data transmission?
- A. Plug-in-based
- B. Client-server
- C. Peer-to-peer
- D. Front-end
Answer: B
NEW QUESTION # 107
Which of the following is the FIRST step toward the effective management of personal data assets?
- A. Create a personal data inventory
- B. Minimize personal data
- C. Analyze metadata.
- D. Establish data security controls.
Answer: A
Explanation:
Explanation
The first step toward the effective management of personal data assets is to create a personal data inventory, which is a comprehensive list of the personal data that an organization collects, processes, stores, transfers, and disposes of. A personal data inventory helps an organization to understand the types, sources, locations, owners, purposes, and retention periods of the personal data it holds, as well as the risks and obligations associated with them. A personal data inventory is essential for complying with data privacy laws and regulations, such as the GDPR or the PDPA, which require organizations to implement data protection principles and practices, such as obtaining consent, providing notice, ensuring data quality and security, respecting data subject rights, and reporting data breaches. A personal data inventory also helps an organization to identify and mitigate data privacy risks and gaps, and to implement data minimization and data security controls.
References:
* ISACA, Data Privacy Audit/Assurance Program, Control Objective 3: Data Inventory and Classification1
* ISACA, Simplify and Contextualize Your Data Classification Efforts2
* PDPC, Managing Personal Data3
* PDPC, PDPA Assessment Tool for Organisations4
NEW QUESTION # 108
Which of the following is an IT privacy practitioner's BEST recommendation to reduce privacy risk before an organization provides personal data to a third party?
- A. Aggregation
- B. Tokenization
- C. Encryption
- D. Anonymization
Answer: D
Explanation:
Explanation
Anonymization is a technique that removes or modifies all identifiers in a data set to prevent or limit the identification of the data subjects. Anonymization is an IT privacy practitioner's best recommendation to reduce privacy risk before an organization provides personal data to a third party, as it would protect the privacy of the data subjects by reducing the linkability of the data set with their original identity, and also comply with the data minimization principle that requires limiting the collection, storage and processing of personal data to what is necessary and relevant for the intended purposes. Anonymization would also preserve some characteristics or patterns of the original data that can be used for analysis or research purposes by the third party, without compromising the accuracy or quality of the results. The other options are not as effective as anonymization in reducing privacy risk before an organization provides personal data to a third party.
Tokenization is a technique that replaces sensitive or confidential data with non-sensitive tokens or placeholders that do not reveal the original data, but it does not prevent or limit the identification of the data subjects, as tokens can be reversed or linked back to the original data using a tokenization system or key.
Aggregation is a technique that combines individual data into groups or categories that do not reveal the identity of the data subjects, but it may not prevent or limit the identification of the data subjects, as aggregated data can be de-aggregated or re-identified using other sources of information or techniques. Encryption is a technique that transforms plain text data into cipher text using an algorithm and a key, making it unreadable by unauthorized parties, but it does not prevent or limit the identification of the data subjects, as encrypted data can be decrypted or linked back to the original data using an encryption system or key1, p. 74-75 References: 1: CDPSE Review Manual (Digital Version)
NEW QUESTION # 109
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